Gretchen Carlson took on Fox News in a $20 million sexual harassment lawsuit that led to the ousting of the network's chairman and CEO Roger Ailes this summer.

Speaking on a panel at the Women in the World Summit in New York City on Thursday, the former TV anchor shared her advice on dealing with sexual harassment at work.

She recommended trying to maintain records on as much of the abuse as possible, whether it's journaling, telling someone, or recording interactions with the perpetrator.

"Gathering evidence is just crucial if you find yourself in this type of a situation," she said, "because we still live in a he-said, she-said culture, unfortunately, and they're not going to believe you."

Carlson said checking the recording laws for each state is crucial, though, because in some — including California — it's a felony to record someone without their permission.

She recorded her interactions with Ailes, and ultimately used them to prove her case in the lawsuit, which she settled with Fox News in September. Her story encouraged a dozen other women to come forward and allege that they had been sexually harassed by Ailes, too, including the network's former star anchor Megyn Kelly.

Carlson said speaking out about harassment will help prevent it from happening, too. But many employers include secret arbitration clauses in their contracts, she said, which waive employees' rights to a trial if sexual harassment escalates to a lawsuit. These clauses often keep women from talking about their experiences.

"That is by far the biggest problem," she said. "We're fooling our culture into thinking that we've come so far. Why? Because we're not hearing about it!"

Carlson's coming out with a book to walk women through the process of combatting workplace sexual harassment that will share women's testimonials. She said she also wants Congress to pass laws to address harassment, like making it easier to report or prosecute cases, emphasizing that this is an issue anyone can get behind.

"When somebody is going to sexually harass you, they don't ask you beforehand, 'Are you a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?' No, they just harass you," she said. "This should not be a political issue. This should be something that every single person cares about — I don't care what political party you're in."

SEE ALSO: Megyn Kelly: An 'underground army of women' at Fox News helped oust Roger Ailes for sexual harassment

DON'T MISS: The timeline of Roger Ailes' downfall

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NOW WATCH: These are the 3 things every employee should do if they have a bad boss

On July 28, 1914, a month after a Bosnian-Serb assassinated Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand on a street corner in Sarajevo, the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia, beginning World War I.

Three bloody years later, the US would enter the conflict on the side of the Allies, declaring war on the Central Powers on April 6, 1917.

World War I saw a number of military innovations, including the use of planes, tanks, and chemical weapons. An armistice on November 11, 1918, was followed by the Treaty of Versailles, officially ending World War I, on June 28, 1919.

Here are a few colorized photographs published by The Open University showing life during World War I.

Amanda Macias and Jeremy Bender composed an earlier version of this post.

SEE ALSO: The US entered World War I on this day in 1917 — here's the massive scope of that conflict in one GIF

One of World War I's most devastating features was trench warfare. Here, soldiers scale a sandbag wall to exit a trench.

Soldiers could spend the majority of their deployments in the trenches. Here, a soldier receives a haircut from an Alpine barber on the Albanian front.

Here, a German Field Artillery crew poses with a 7.7 cm Feldkanone 96 field gun in 1914.

There are dozens upon dozens of different styles of beer out there, from pale ales to stouts to bocks — and those are just a few.

Being that there are so many styles, and so many exceptions to the rules, it's incredibly difficult (not to mention time-consuming) to get to know them all, but knowing your favorites will make drinking them a lot more enjoyable.

We've created a taxonomy of most major beer styles to help you put your favorite cold ones into context.

Melissa Stanger contributed to an earlier version of this story.

DON'T MISS: How to order whiskey like a pro

SEE ALSO: 6 strange things love does to your brain and body

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NOW WATCH: Belgium has opened the world's first beer pipeline that pumps 1,000 gallons per hour every day

Einstein the parrot is an African grey who can sing and make at least 200 different noises.

The bird, who has just turned 30, has been attracting attention at Zoo Knoxville for her impressive range of skills. Einstein works with her trainer Adam Patterson at the zoo.

Watch the video to see the amazing array of sounds the parrot can make.

Produced by Joe Daunt

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Gillette is increasingly feeling the threat from startups like Harry's and the now Unilever-owned Dollar Shave Club, which are eating away at its dominance in the global men's-razor business.

Gillette claimed a US market share of 70% as recently as 2010, but it fell to 54% in 2016, according to the Wall Street Journal, which cited data-tracking firm Euromonitor. 

Harry's and Dollar Shave Club now combine for a 12.2% market share, up from 7.2% in 2015, according to Euromonitor.

Procter & Gamble told the WSJ that the loss is less drastic according to their internal numbers, however, Gillette is still taking substantial steps to staunch the bleeding. On April 1, Gillette reduced the prices on many of its shaving products for both men and women — some up to 20%. The average discount is around 12%, and many of the brand's flagship products, like the Gillette Fusion Cartridges (was $19.50, now $15) were discounted.

Gillette also launched a large marketing campaign to lure back customers who have switched to other competitors, specifically targeting Harry's and Dollar Shave Club. The campaign is called "Welcome Back," complete with a full website and an infographic comparing Gillette's products to those offered by the two startups. "Not all blades are created equal," reads the headline.

It also encourages customers to post their own reason why they "came back" to Gillette after trying other razors, claiming that over 200,000 customers already have. It cites data from 2013 and 2014 to back up its claim. 

SEE ALSO: The retail apocalypse is killing fashion as we know it as a new dress code takes hold in America

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NOW WATCH: A hair scientist debunks the biggest myth about shaving

The D10 is an intense competition that pushes its athletic contestants to their ultimate physical limits.

It takes place in five cities across the US, and while the New York City D10 isn't until June, training for the competition — a 400-meter run, football throw, pull-ups, 40-yard dash, dips, 500-meter row, vertical jump, 20-yard shuttle, bench press, and 800-meter run — begins long before that. The event is a favorite among the Wall Street crowd, and its goal of raising money to support pediatric cancer research is a major draw for many.

"The D10 is important to me for so many reasons; the main one being a personal pursuit to play a more active role in the fight against cancer," Samantha Santaniello, who works in data sourcing and strategy at Point72 Asset Management, told Business Insider.

We recently caught up with some of the the New York City contestants during a 6 a.m. training sessions at Tone House's Upper East Side location. Ahead, take a look at the intense 60-minute workout they use to up their physical endurance for the D10.

SEE ALSO: We took to the streets of New York City to capture the trend that's killing the traditional fashion market

Training sessions at Tone House are available to D10 trainees at 5 a.m. on Mondays, 6 a.m. on Thursdays, and 8 a.m. on Saturdays. Tone House is notorious for its extreme workouts.

There's no such thing as a slow warm-up here. Trainers immediately get the class going with sprints, jumps, and push-ups.

Loud music, like Kanye West's "Fade," blasts over the speakers to keep the athletes' energy up.

The San Francisco skyline has a new crown jewel.

Salesforce Tower will be the city's tallest and most expensive building when it's completed in July. The 1,070-foot high-rise is expected to cost its developer, Boston Properties, $1.1 billion.

On Thursday, San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee and Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff held a ceremony at Salesforce Tower to commemorate the end of the structural phase of construction.

"It seems like everywhere I am in this city or around the Bay, I can see this tower," Benioff said.

Business Insider checked out the glittering behemoth from inside. Take a look.

SEE ALSO: San Francisco's new $2.3 billion transit center could be the most expensive bus terminal in the world

Salesforce and its billionaire CEO, Marc Benioff, are riding high these days.

Salesforce celebrated 18 years in business earlier this year. It was No. 8 on Fortune's 100 Best Companies to Work For in 2017, and the cloud-computing company is on track to become a $100 billion organization in the next three years, according to some analysts.

The near completion of Salesforce Tower is the cherry on top. It rises 61 stories over the city's Financial District, making it the tallest building west of Chicago that's capable of being occupied.

It was originally named Transbay Tower, but the enterprise giant bought the naming rights in a landmark real-estate deal. Salesforce will pay the developer Boston Properties close to $560 million over 15 and a half years to lease 30 floors at the tower, on Mission and Fremont streets.

It started with a math test.

I was in the eighth grade, sitting at my assigned seat with a pencil and a green sheet of paper in front of me — it was the class final.

Suddenly, my mind went blank. The words and numbers on the page all blurred together and became meaningless. I froze with fear. My heart raced. What was happening to me?

With all the effort I could muster, I raised a shaky hand to ask for the bathroom pass. As soon as I got there, I started crying uncontrollably. Somewhere between the sobs, I managed to vomit into the toilet.

Although I didn't know it then, what happened that day would be the beginning of a painful and confusing series of severe bouts — "episodes," in psychiatric parlance — of anxiety and depression that would land me in a handful of hospitals and treatment centers.

Eventually, I'd be prescribed antidepressants, the drugs that I'm now convinced saved my life. But the road to medication was rocky. If it weren't for a series of somewhat random events, a handful of truly caring doctors — and, of course, the health insurance that made the drugs affordable — I probably would never have found them.

The odds of me finding these medications were largely against me, as they are for many people who may need them. There's a wide public perception — which I've encountered directly and which Peter D. Kramer, a psychiatrist and Brown University professor, details in his new book, "Ordinarily Well: The Case for Antidepressants"— that antidepressants are inherently bad. They're seen either as an easy way out of the "hard work" of dealing with feelings, or as something that can get you high. Some even think they can be manipulated to make you smarter or give you superpowers. This certainly isn't what happened to me. (If it did, I'd be flying around South America in a cape instead of writing this post.)

On the other hand, some people claim that antidepressants work no better than placebos, or sugar pills. And several studies — including one that Kramer directly addresses, which was first published in 1998 and then redone with more information in 2008— seem to back this up. But, as Kramer shows, other studies continue to find the opposite result, that antidepressants work and that they can be life-changing, especially for people whose depression is severe or long-lasting.

For me, what antidepressants did was remarkably simple: They made me feel OK. In the words of Kramer, they made me feel "ordinarily well."

Panic

When my anxiety first started cropping up, my parents wanted me to go a "natural" route — in other words, they wanted me to stick to talk therapy with counselors. They wanted me to avoid medication.

At the time, their choice made sense. Everything from antidepressants to ADHD medications were being prescribed at alarming rates. In 2013, one in 10 Americans took an antidepressant. And many of them likely didn't need it.

A study published that year in the journal Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics found that roughly two-thirds of a sample of about 5,000 people with a depression diagnosis in the previous year didn't meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, as defined in the psychiatry handbook known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM.

It seemed as though the vast majority of doctors were merely writing a prescription and raking in money rather than sitting with patients and taking time to talk out their issues using evidence-based methods like cognitive behavioral therapy.

But eventually, despite weekly sessions of therapy, my panic attacks got so bad that I couldn't sleep or go to school. I had nightmares. I thought of every single worst-case scenario that could happen and I lived as if they were imminent. I started obsessing about everything, from the tests I might fail, to the friends who might abandon me, to the food that might make me fat. I contemplated suicide. My weight dropped to 90 pounds.

Concerned, my parents took me to dozens of doctors, who tested me for everything. When no results turned up, my mom took me to see a psychiatrist. The drive was four hours round trip, but somehow one of my working parents managed to squeeze it into their schedule every few weeks.

After two or three 45-minute sessions with the psychiatrist, I was diagnosed as anorexic "with panic" and given a prescription for a tiny orange tablet called Klonopin.

Klonopin is not an antidepressant. It's a tranquilizer. It's typically used to treat seizures, but it's prescribed for panic disorder as well. I was supposed to take it whenever I felt panicky, which sounded like a bit of a slippery slope to me. Didn't I always feel a little bit panicky? How would I know when I really needed it and when I was just trying to avoid my feelings? So I reserved it only for when I was in the throes of a full-blown attack.

It "worked," if you'd call feeling like your mind has been wiped blank working. Klonopin made me numb.

Starting over

One day, I refused to go to my appointment. I cried and told my mom that there was no point in trying anymore, that I was broken and there was nothing that could be done for me. For some reason, she didn't believe me.

So we started over. I stopped seeing the psychiatrist who gave me Klonopin and began seeing other doctors. I saw an endocrinologist, who specialized in hormones, along with several different therapists.

After weeks of consultation with all of them, the endocrinologist decided to put me on my first antidepressant — a drug called Lexapro. Lexapro belongs to a group of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, which are thought to work by amplifying the activity of the chemical serotonin in the brain.

The way we'd know whether the medication was working, my doctor told me, was if I didn't really notice any big changes in my feelings or my behavior.

That sounded strange to me. Didn't I need a big change? After all, I'd wanted to die. Still, I was ready to try just about anything, and I trusted her. So, I took the medication as directed, and continued to see her and my therapist.

At some point (I can't say exactly when), I started to feel like the world seemed a little less dark. It was as if I'd been seeing everything in front of me with a dark-tinged, heavily vignetted filter for years, and someone had gently peeled it off. I didn't feel like I wanted to die, and I didn't feel numb. Everything was sort of OK, and when my doctor asked how I was doing, that's all I could tell her. "I feel OK," I said. She smiled.

Studies suggest that this can happen for many people with depression and anxiety who are prescribed the right medication and corresponding treatment, as Kramer details. In one chapter, Kramer writes about one of his first patients, a woman named Adele, whom he saw while he was still a medical student at Harvard.

She was a 26-year-old elementary school teacher who suffered from depression and who'd considered suicide. After Adele had been treated for an overactive thyroid, Kramer's supervising doctor placed her on the antidepressant drug imipramine. "Imipramine acted in a fashion I later came to call courteous," Kramer wrote. "It afforded modest but invaluable relief."

That modest but invaluable relief was exactly what I'd experienced on Lexapro.

After the panic attacks had stopped and I gained back some weight, my therapist started suggesting I get back into some types of gentle exercise, like yoga. Slowly but surely, I started to get better.

I made friends. I started eating real food. I excelled in school. I moved to a different city. I went to college. I developed a support network of people I could trust and talk to about anything. I moved across the country. I went to graduate school. I started a career.

I did absolutely none of it on my own.

I kept working with a therapist who was trained in cognitive behavioral therapy, a type of psychotherapy that involves recognizing negative thought patterns and coming up with solutions to overcome them. I saw a psychiatrist who managed my medication, went to group yoga classes at least a few times a week, and stayed close to the friends and family that had helped me through the bad times.

Research suggests that each of these parts of my recovery can help alleviate the symptoms of depression. Exercise has been linked with a reduction in many depressive symptoms. So have antidepressants, therapy, and steady social support.

At some point though, despite all of it, I hit a bit of a lull. Some of my problematic behaviors started to creep back in. My psychiatrist recommended trying a new medication. I was hesitant, but again, I trusted her. She wrote me a prescription for Prozac, and I stopped the Lexapro.

The transition was a little rocky, but eventually I felt OK again. I continued doing yoga several times a week, connecting with my friends and family, and going to therapy.

For me, antidepressants were a tool. They enabled me to start feeling OK, to start reaching out to others for help, and to start doing things that I enjoyed doing and that made me feel good. They lifted a heavy blanket of depression that had previously made all of these things sound like impossible chores.

I don't think they're a panacea, and they're certainly not for everyone. But they worked for me. They helped me find normal. And without them, I don't think I'd ever know what that feels like.

DON'T MISS: Betsy DeVos backs a technique claiming to cure ADHD without medication — but the science is questionable

SEE ALSO: There's a medical problem that marijuana might be able to help that no one is talking about

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NOW WATCH: The disturbing reason some people turn red when they drink alcohol

When the apocalypse arrives, life goes on. That's the possibility some are preparing for, at least.

In 2008, Larry Hall purchased a retired missile silo (a vertical, underground structure made for the storage and launch of nuclear weapon-carrying missiles) for $300,000 and converted it into luxury apartments for people who worry about the end of the world and have cash to burn.

Fortified shelters, built to withstand catastrophic events from viral epidemic to nuclear war, seem to be experiencing a wave of interest in general.

Someday, the 1% may live out Armageddon in style at Hall's Survival Condo Project, which cost $20 million to build and accommodates about a dozen families. Complete with food stores, fisheries, gardens, and a pool, it could pass as a setting in the game "Fallout Shelter," wherein players oversee a community of post-apocalyptic residents in an underground vault.

Take a look inside one of the world's most extravagant doomsday shelters.

SEE ALSO: Silicon Valley billionaires are preparing for the apocalypse with motorcycles, guns, and private hideaways

The Survival Condo Project is no ordinary condo development.

It lives inside a missile silo built during the height of the Cold War. The structure housed a nuclear warhead from 1961 to 1965 and was built to withstand a direct nuclear blast.

Larry Hall, who previously developed networks and data centers for government contractors, got the idea to convert the base after the attacks on September 11, 2001, when the federal government began reinvesting more heavily in catastrophe planning.

Source: The New Yorker

This bizarre Dutch sport is called Fierljeppen.

The aim is to sprint towards the pole, then climb up as high as you can, and try to jump off and land on the sand island on the other side of a waterway.

The pole is between 8 and 13 metres and it has a flat plate at the bottom to stop it sinking into the mud.

It is certainly great to watch.

Produced by Leon Siciliano

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Some people will have their face turn extremely red when they drink alcohol, and it is not a good sign. Those who do turn red after drinking alcohol have a condition called alcohol flush reaction. They're literally poisoning their bodies whenever they drink.

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Martin Altenburg, a 17-year-old from Fargo, North Dakota, achieved the impressive feat of gaining acceptance into every Ivy League college.

He also gained acceptance into Stanford University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the California Institute of Technology, and the University of Chicago.

The high-school senior had stellar standardized-test scores — a 35 on the ACT — and a demonstrated interest in the sciences, attending a selective program at MIT during the summer of his junior year.

For his Common Application admissions essay, Altenburg, who also competes in cross country, track, and swimming, chose to write about the thoughts that race through his head on a distance run.

He graciously shared his essay with Business Insider. It's reprinted verbatim below.

My favorite time to run is at night.

This particular run in early August brought a break to the humid, muggy weather I left on the East Coast. I used my body as a human psychrometer, knowing that the cold feeling of evaporating sweat signaled much needed dry air.

I cross over the bridge into Minnesota. Out of my three sports, cross country is definitely my worst — but I continue to be hooked on it. Unlike swimming and track, my motivation to run is heavily intrinsic. I live for the long runs I take on by myself. While they rarely happen during our season, we were assigned a long run to complete over our first weekend of cross country. In reality, I was supposed to go six miles, but felt eight gave me more time to explore the home I had just returned to. My mind begins to wander as I once again find my rhythm.

My train of thought while running is similar to the way one thinks in the minutes before sleep — except one has more control over how these thoughts progress and what tangents they move off of. While special relativity would be the "proper" thing to think about, especially at MITES, I revive the violin repertoire I had turned away from for so long and begin playing it in my head. I'm now at the edge of town in between the cornfields. The streaming floodlights on the open road give me a sense of lonely curiosity, reminiscent of the opening lines of Wieniawski's first violin concerto. I come up with adaptations of the melody in my head, experimenting with an atonality similar to Stravinsky's.

I turn south onto a highway heading towards downtown. The dark night sky is broken by the oncoming light pollution. While I've longed for a road trip across the country, the neon lights from Sunset Lanes will have to do for Las Vegas. Turning west, I see a man and perk up as I try to look more menacing than I really am. But I relinquish. I realize that I did such an act simply because of the color of his skin. I kick myself for reverting to passive racism — something I spent much of the summer trying to overcome.

The bridge over Main Avenue leads me back into North Dakota and downtown Fargo. My city is on the eve of its annual pride week — the largest in North Dakota. Beyond the rainbow flags lining downtown, I see the Catholic cathedral I attend every Sunday outside of the summer. The juxtaposition brings back memories of trying to come to terms with my own beliefs. The conservatism on my mom's side of the family often clashes with the more liberal views of my dad's family. Fargo is known for its "nice" attitude, but the discussion of controversial issues is often set aside in favor of maintaining peace. On the surface this can be good, but it makes change a long and cumbersome process, and has caused me to become very independent in finding my own belief system — something especially difficult when these beliefs may have to do with your future identity.

The remaining part of my run is short and uneventful. The fact that the traffic lights have switched to blinking yellow and red means that I have been out later than usual. When I get home, I find that my run took somewhere around an hour — I honestly don't care about time during my distance runs. Longs runs are often seen as a runner battling the distance rather than time. But for me, long runs are a journey — both physically and mentally. Each time I run a route, I understand my surroundings and city more and more, and couldn't be more excited and sad to know that I'm leaving this place in a year's time.

SEE ALSO: This student got into all 8 Ivy League schools plus Stanford, MIT, and Caltech

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NOW WATCH: Stop ignoring catcalls — shut them down with these tips from a self-defense expert

Romantic attraction is a complicated thing that scientists still don't completely understand.

But, through research and experimentation, they've come up with many ideas about what draws one person to another.

Below, Business Insider has rounded up some of the most compelling scientific insights about the traits and behaviors that make men more appealing to women.

The best part? None of the items on this list require you to get cosmetic surgery or do a major personality overhaul. We're talking small tweaks, like acting nicer and swapping your deodorant.

Read on for simple ways to step up your dating game.

SEE ALSO: 13 science-backed ways to appear more attractive

Look for the universal signals of flirtation

Rutgers University anthropologist and best-selling author Helen E. Fisher says that women around the world signal interest with a remarkably similar sequence of expressions.

As she shared at Psychology Today, it goes like this:

"First the woman smiles at her admirer and lifts her eyebrows in a swift, jerky motion as she opens her eyes wide to gaze at him. Then she drops her eyelids, tilts her head down and to the side, and looks away. Frequently she also covers her face with her hands, giggling nervously as she retreats behind her palms.

"This sequential flirting gesture is so distinctive that [German ethologist Irenaus] Eibl-Eibesfeldt was convinced it is innate, a human female courtship ploy that evolved eons ago to signal sexual interest."

Look for someone 'in your league'

Men — and women — are attracted to people who are as attractive as they are.

In one study, researchers at the University of California at Berkeley looked at the behavior of 60 heterosexual male and 60 heterosexual female users on an online dating site. While the majority of users were inclined to reach out to highly attractive people, they were most likely to get a response if that person was about as attractive as they were (as judged by independent raters).

"If you go for someone roughly [equal] to you in attractiveness, it avoids two things," Nottingham Trent University psychologist Mark Sergeant, who was not involved with the study, told The Independent. "If they are much better-looking than you, you are worried about them going off and having affairs. If they are much less attractive, you are worried that you could do better."

Present yourself as high status

A 2010 study from the University of Wales Institute found that men pictured with a Silver Bentley Continental GT were perceived as way more attractive than those pictures with a Red Ford Fiesta ST.

And a 2014 study from Cardiff Metropolitan University found that men pictured in a luxury apartment were rated more attractive than those in a control group.

Interestingly, men don't seem to be more attracted to women when they're pictured in a high-status context.

There's nothing like a crisp, cold glass of beer when you're ready to unwind after a long day, and every state has brews that stand out above the rest. 

In honor of National Beer Day, we've put together a list of the best beer from every state and Washington, DC. The list, which was compiled by craft-beer authority RateBeer.com, was based on lifetime reviews and each beer's overall performance ratings last year. This year, they excluded double IPAs and imperial stouts from the rankings.

Scroll down to see which beer took the top spot for your home state, whether it's a scotch ale from Michigan or a hoppy and hearty IPA from Maine. 

SEE ALSO: What it's like to eat a $295-per-person, 3-hour dinner at Eleven Madison Park, the best restaurant in the world

ALABAMA: Straight To Ale's Unobtanium is an English-style old ale that's aged for six months in a bourbon barrel and released on a very limited basis.

Source: RateBeer.com

ALASKA: Alaskan Brewing Company, based in Juneau, releases a limited "vintage" of its smoked porter each year. The brewery recommends aging it in the bottle like a wine.

Source: RateBeer.com

ARIZONA: Arizona Wilderness' Superstition Coffee Stout is steeped in local coffee beans and vanilla, which lend the beer its sweet aroma.

Source: RateBeer.com

Every year, the Great American Beer Festival holds a prestigious competition to select the best beers and breweries in the country.

Approximately 1,752 breweries participated in the most recent festival, which was hosted by the Brewers Association and took place in Denver, Colorado in October 2016.

A jury of more than 265 beer industry professionals from 12 countries announced the winners. Without knowing the brand names, they tasted each brewery's selected beers according to specific flavor parameters (which you can read more about in this 68-page set of guidelines).

The breweries are broken into seven different size categories, ranging from "small brewpub" to "large brewing company." The top one in each group was awarded the title of "champion brewery."

April 7 is National Beer Day in the US. So check out the festival's winners below.

SEE ALSO: Patagonia just released a beer that's different from any other brew you can buy

Small Brewpub — ZwanzigZ Brewing

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Location: Columbus, Indiana

Winning beers: Frankenwald Eisbock and The Ticket Chocolate Beer

Mid-Size Brewpub — Boxing Bear Brewing Co.

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Location: Albuquerque, New Mexico

Winning beers: AlpenGlow and Black Muddy River

Large Brewpub — The Austin Beer Garden Brewing Co.

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Location: Austin, Texas

Winning beer: Industry

As of April 6, anyone who buys a $199 spit-in-a-tube genetics test from 23andMe will automatically learn if they're at an increased risk for developing certain diseases including Parkinson's and late-onset Alzheimer's.

Until then, the only way to get these kinds of results involved seeing a specialist (and, often, a genetics counselor).

But how much can you really learn from one of these tests? We spoke with Robert Klitzman, a bioethicist and psychiatry professor at Columbia University and the author of the recent book "Am I My Genes?" to find out.

SEE ALSO: 23andMe can now tell you whether you have an increased risk of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's

DON'T MISS: Betsy DeVos backs a technique claiming to cure ADHD without medication — but the science is questionable

In most cases, they can't tell you whether you'll develop a specific disease — only whether you're at a higher risk.

You carry two copies of all of your genes — one from each of your parents. 23andMe's latest test is designed to tell you if your chances of developing a disease are higher than those of the average person. To do that, it scans your DNA for genetic mutations, or tweaks in your genetic material, that have been linked with specific diseases. If it finds one, it adds that information to your profile.

Before you freak out, you should know that having a mutation does not necessarily mean you will develop that illness. It simply means you're more likely to get it than someone without that genetic tweak. In other words, "you could have the mutation and not get it, or you could not have the mutation and get it," says Klitzman.

If 23andMe wanted to tell you whether you'd actually get a disease, they'd have to account for a whole lot more than just your genes.

Genetics play a big role in whether we develop certain diseases, but so do our environment and our behavior. Everything from what we eat to where we're raised and how often we exercise can affect our risk of developing diseases like cancer and obesity, for example.

"Research suggests that some 50% of all depression cases are linked with genetics," Klitzman says. "The other 50% is environment. So if you're just looking at the genetic factors, you're missing everything else."

For psychological illnesses like depression or anxiety, the picture is even blurrier.

Some of our traits, like the color of our eyes, are connected to one or two genes. But this isn't the case with psychiatric characteristics like intelligence or illnesses like depression. Identifying the genetic links to those illnesses is far more complex, so don't expect your test to tell you anything about your risk of mental illness.

"For things like intelligence there's easily 100 different genes involved," Klitzman says. "So the notion that you're going to test for a few of them and that's going to be predictive, that's not reflecting the complexity of genetics and of the mind and brain."

Adidas just revealed its blueprint for the future, and it looks like that'll include being the first to bring 3D-printed shoes to the masses.

3D-printed shoes have been relegated to special one-offs or prototypes until now, but Adidas is making a huge step forward with a new shoe it's calling the "Futurecraft 4D."

Partnering with Silicon Valley startup Carbon, Adidas has created a system that will allow it to "print" the midsole of the shoe. 

Carbon's printing process uses a photosensitive resin that hardens as light hits it. The process uses a precise projector that controls where the light hits and allows for a larger degree of customization than other forms of 3D-printing.

Because the sole can be made quickly and tweaked, it's easily adaptable. Adidas made more than 50 prototypes over the last year to test this particular release, and the possibilities for future releases are endless. Some possible examples: a custom sole for every athlete or sport, or a shoe that's made for you in a couple hours while you wait. 

The Futurecraft 4D will come at a premium compared to other Adidas shoes, but the company is staying mum on price right now. It's making 5,000 pairs this year, with plans for 100,000 in 2018 and even more in the future.

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It's the leading disability worldwide and it can kill.

Yet for decades, scientists have known surprisingly little about what genes are linked with the development of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

A recent study aims to change that. In their paper, published in August 2016 in the journal Nature Genetics, a team of scientists pinpointed 17 genetic tweaks, or SNPs (pronounced "snips"), that appear to be tied to MDD.

The researchers combed through a trove of genetic data from thousands of people who submitted their information to the personal genomics company 23andMe.

Scientists have been looking for such genetic hallmarks of depression for years. And while some, including a 2013 study in the journal The Lancet and a 2015 paper in the journal Nature, have yielded some promising clues, none have been able to spot any precise, reliable genetic hallmarks of the disease.

And least not until now.

"My group has been chasing depression genes for more than a decade without success, so as you can imagine we were really thrilled with the outcome," Harvard psychiatry professor Roy Perlis, one of the leading authors of the paper and the Associate Director of the Psychiatric Genetics Program at Massachusetts General Hospital, told Business Insider in August.

The hope is that identifying these watermarks in our DNA — tiny areas on genes where high amounts of variation tend to occur among individuals — will help usher in a series of new, more precise treatments for people suffering from the disease.

"But this is really just the beginning. Now the hard work is understanding what these findings tell us about how we might better treat depression," said Perlis.

Using 23andMe data to uncover clues about depression

23andMe is a personal genomics company that lets you spit in a tube and get your DNA analyzed for $199. Most of the attention they've attracted recently has been focused on its tiffs with federal regulatory agencies like the FDA, who eventually restricted several aspects of its tests because they were giving unauthorized "medical advice."

But other research that the company is involved with has attracted less fanfare.

In a recent StarTalk interview with host Neil de Grasse Tyson, 23andMe CEO Anne Wojcicki said, "We are about individuals accessing, understanding, and benefiting from the human genome. The genome has a massive potential to transform healthcare. And we got a million people genotyped, so now we have a million people running around going to their doctors and talking about genetics, and that has the potential to be disruptive."

This study — which drew from 23andMe data — could be one example of this disruptive potential.

Psychiatric diseases, since they are the result of a complex mix of genetics, environment, and behavioral factors, require large numbers of people, or what's known as a large sample size. In the past, recruiting these large numbers of people, not to mention screening and interviewing each potential participant, has been extremely expensive and labor-intensive. In contrast, the current study drew from research that had already been done.

"We thought, what can we do with this huge set of data that’s already been collected by 23andMe?" said Perlis.

Quite a lot, it turns out.

Using data from more than 75,600 people who said they'd been clinically diagnosed with depression and from more than 231,700 people who reported no history of depression, Perlis and his team were able to identify 15 areas on our DNA that appear to be linked with Major Depressive Disorder. They also found some ties between these areas and those which have been previously identified as possibly playing a role in other psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.

Still, the data has some limitations. For one thing, it’s based on self-reports, meaning that only people who were experiencing problematic symptoms and went to a doctor to seek help were included. As a result, the data could exclude the many people who experience major depressive disorders, but have not yet been diagnosed. On the other hand, it could also include people who have been wrongfully diagnosed.

"What we might be identifying here is something much more to do with help-seeking behavior than anything to do with a psychiatric illness," University of California, Los Angeles professor of psychiatry Jonathan Flint told The Guardian.

Regardless of its limitations, however, the research hits home the message that diseases of the brain, such as depression or Alzheimer's, are no less real — and no less serious — than diseases of the body, like cancer.

"Beyond giving us so much data to explore," said Perlis, "being able to show that depression is a brain disease, that there is biology associated with it, I think that's really critical for people to understand."

"They're not someone's fault. They are diseases, like any other."

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Between the 1950s and mid-1990s, tens of thousands of immigrants constructed a towering community 12 stories high across a 6.4-acre lot in Hong Kong.

It was called the Kowloon Walled City.

With a population of 33,000 squeezed into a tiny lot, the city at its peak was 119 times as dense as present-day New York City. Although it faced rampant crime and poor sanitation, the city was impressively self-sustainable until its demolition began in 1993.

In the late '80s, the Canadian photographer Greg Girard found his way into the windowless world.

He shared photos and thoughts about his time in Kowloon Walled City with Business Insider. You can check out the rest, along with essays and work from the photographer Ian Lambot, in "City of Darkness: Revisited."

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Though Hong Kong had been under British rule for decades by the time construction began, a clause in an 1842 treaty meant China still owned the property that would become Kowloon. Caught in legal limbo, it was effectively lawless.

By 1986, the Walled City had caught the attention of the photographer Greg Girard. Girard would spend the next four years in and out of the city, capturing daily life inside its teetering walls.

The Lego-like city was built over decades as residents stacked rooms on top of one another. The end result "looked formidable," Girard told Business Insider, "but who knows?"

A house built on speculation in the Pacific Heights neighborhood of San Francisco is now asking $40 million. That makes it the most expensive house currently for sale in the city, according to Curbed.

Bill Campbell of Marble Management developed the property over the last four years, according to the Wall Street Journal. He demolished a 19th-century clapboard house to make room for this 11,000-square-foot limestone mansion.

Whoever buys the home will be able to count high rollers like Oracle billionaire Larry Ellison and Apple design guru Jony Ive as neighbors. 

Val Steele of Pacific Union International and Tom Biss of Sotheby's International Real Estate share the listing for the home, which has yet to formally hit the market.

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Since the home was built from the ground up, there are no compromises on style.

It makes the most of its wide view with floor-to-ceiling windows throughout the house.

There's plenty of space for multiple sitting and living rooms.